Kinds
Types of misconduct include false confession, false arrest, false evidence, false imprisonment, intimidation, police brutality, police corruption, racial profiling, surveillance abuse, witness tampering and off-duty misconduct. Others include:
Causes
Experts and mental health professionals believe police misconduct and brutality have other causes besides "racism":
Types of misconduct include false confession, false arrest, false evidence, false imprisonment, intimidation, police brutality, police corruption, racial profiling, surveillance abuse, witness tampering and off-duty misconduct. Others include:
- Noble cause corruption
- Selective enforcement (knowledge and allowances of violations by friends, family and/or acquaintances unreported)
- Abuses of power (using badge or other ID to gain entry into concerts, to get discounts, etc.)
- Police perjury (blatant lying under oath and/or to other authorities to cover wrongdoing)
- Influence of drugs and/or alcohol while on duty
Causes
Experts and mental health professionals believe police misconduct and brutality have other causes besides "racism":
- Pressures to conform to certain aspects of "police culture" ("Blue Code of Silence-sustains an oppositional criminal subculture protecting the interests of police who violate the law")
- Command and control structures with a rigid hierarchical foundation ("the more rigid the hierarchy, the lower the scores on a measure of ethical decision-making")
- Deficiencies in internal accountability mechanisms ("including internal investigation processes")